The difference between gross cost and net cost
/Gross Cost of an Asset
Gross cost is the entire acquisition cost of an object. This can include much more than just the invoiced price for an asset. For example, when you buy a machine, the gross cost of the machine may include the following:
+ Purchase price of the equipment
+ Sales tax on the equipment
+ Customs charges (if acquired from another country)
+ Transportation cost
+ Cost of the concrete pad on which the machine is positioned
+ Equipment assembly cost
+ Cost of wiring to power the machine
+ Testing costs
+ Cost to train employees in how to use the machine
= Gross cost
Clearly, there can be an enormous number of ancillary costs that must be considered when aggregating gross costs.
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Gross Cost of a Loan
Another example of gross cost is a loan, where the gross cost to the borrower is both the principal and the cumulative amount of related interest to be paid.
Net Cost Definition
Net cost is the gross cost of an object, reduced by any benefits gained from owning the object. Examples of net cost are:
The gross cost of a machine, minus the margin on all goods produced with that machine
The gross cost of attending college, minus the incremental increase in earnings derived from obtaining a college degree
The gross cost of office equipment, minus the salvage value that will be derived from its eventual sale
Thus, the calculation of net cost can yield three possible outcomes, which are:
The net cost equals the gross cost, which occurs when there are no offsetting gains from owning an object;
The net cost is less than the gross cost, which is when the benefits do not entirely offset the gross cost; or
The net cost is actually a gain, which is when the benefits exceed the amount of the gross cost.
An example of the last situation is when a byproduct is generated from a process and is then sold. There may be little or no cost assigned to the byproduct, so any cash received from its sale will likely result in a net cost that is negative (that is, a profit is generated).
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